More accurate predictor of cardiovascular disease risk than LDL-cholesterol alone

"Good" cholesterol; protective against heart disease

"Bad" cholesterol; high levels increase heart disease risk

Genetically determined particle strongly linked to cardiovascular and heart valve disease risk

Represents all atherogenic lipoproteins; strong predictor of heart disease risk

Higher ratio associated with insulin resistance and increased heart disease risk

Overall measure of blood cholesterol

High levels increase risk of heart disease and pancreatitis

Reflects average blood glucose over past 2-3 months

Essential for diagnosing and monitoring diabetes/pre-diabetes

High levels can indicate insulin resistance

Iron storage protein; indicates iron status

Key for diagnosing and managing diabetes (average 2-3 month glucose)

Estimates insulin resistance, assessing metabolic health

High levels linked to gout, kidney stones, and may contribute to cardiovascular/metabolic diseases

Primary stress hormone; chronic elevation impacts multiple systems and can accelerate aging

Assesses balance between stress and protective hormones; indicator of adrenal health

Precursor hormone; levels decline with age/stress, impacting vitality

Primary estrogen; crucial for reproductive, bone, cardiovascular, and cognitive health

Regulates reproductive functions; levels change with menopause/aging

Biologically active testosterone; influences libido, muscle, bone, mood, energy

Reflects anabolic/catabolic balance; important for stress and recovery assessment

Thyroid hormone essential for metabolism and energy

Key for reproductive health and hormonal balance

Involved in menstrual cycle, pregnancy, mood, sleep, bone health

Regulates availability of sex hormones to tissues

Primary screening for thyroid disorders

Overall assessment of testosterone levels

Active thyroid hormone; influences metabolism, heart rate, energy

Essential for bone, muscle, nerve function

More accurate measure of biologically active calcium

Crucial for DNA synthesis, cell division; deficiency linked to high homocysteine

Elevated levels are a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, stroke, cognitive decline

Helps diagnose iron deficiency or overload

More accurate indicator of body's magnesium stores; vital for many functions

High TIBC suggests iron deficiency

Low UIBC can indicate iron overload

Essential for nerve function, DNA synthesis; deficiency more common with age

Crucial for bone health, immune function, inflammation regulation

Elevated levels can indicate impaired kidney function

Helps determine cause of kidney dysfunction

Elevated serum levels indicate reduced kidney function

Sensitive marker of early kidney dysfunction

Estimates kidney filtration capability

Crucial for nerve/muscle function; regulated by kidneys

Essential for fluid balance, nerve/muscle function; regulated by kidneys

Early and sensitive marker of kidney damage

Elevated levels often indicate liver cell damage

Main blood protein; low levels can indicate liver disease, malnutrition

Elevated levels can indicate liver or bone disorders

Elevated levels can indicate liver, muscle, or heart damage

Elevated levels suggest impaired bile flow or liver dysfunction

Estimates degree of liver fibrosis (scarring)

Sensitive to liver damage, particularly from alcohol/drugs

High levels can indicate liver disease, bile duct obstruction, or hemolysis

Reflects nutritional status and can indicate liver or kidney disease

Non-specific marker of inflammation

Sensitive marker for chronic low-grade inflammation; linked to cardiovascular and other chronic disease risk

Comprehensive assessment of blood cells, indicating oxygen-carrying capacity, immune status, infection, anemia, and clotting potential

Essential mineral for hemoglobin and oxygen transport

Helps distinguish prostate cancer from benign conditions in men with elevated Total PSA

Elevated levels may indicate prostate issues in men

Provides insights into kidney function, hydration, metabolic state, and potential infections